ART OF WRITING ENGLISH

ART OF WRITING ENGLISH

 MOST WRITING IS A PRIVATE ACTIVITY BUT A PUBLIC SERVICE . YOU MAY DASH OFF A PROTEST LETTER IN THE SOLITUDE OF YOUR STUDY OR COMPILE A REPORT IN THE OFFICE AFTER EVERYONE HAS GONE HOME FOR THE NIGHT OR SCRIBBLE A FEW SECRET PARAGRAPH OF YOUR ROMANTIC NOVELS AT THE KITCHEN TABLE WHILE THE BABY IS SLEEPING, BUT IN EACH CASE YOUR INTENTION IS THE SAME - THAN FEELINGS FROM YOUR MIND TO ANOTHER MIND.

THE HALLMARKS OF GOOD WRITING THEN ARE THE HALLMARKS OF ALL GOOD COMMUNICATION . THE HALLMARKS ARE AS FOLLOWS - ACCURACY , APPROPRIATENESS , ATTENTIVENESS TO YOUR AUDIENCE , AVOIDANCE OF  AMBIGUITY , CORRECTNESS[ OF USAGE AND GRAMMAR ] , CLARITY , CONSISTENCY , CONCRETENESS .

SINCE WRITING IS PRIMARILY FOR COMMUNICATION YOU HAVE TO KEEP YOUR READER CONSTANTLY IN MIND AS YOU WRITE. THIS IS NOT ALWAYS SO EASY TO DO , YOU MAY OFTEN BECOME VERY INWARD LOOKING STRUGGLING TO PUT YOUR THOUGHTS INTO WORDS AND GET THE WORDS DOWN ON PAPER . IT IS NOT SO DIFFICULT TO THINK YOURSELF INTO THE MIND OF ANOTHER PERSON , YOU PROBABLY DO IT EVERYDAY  WHENEVER YOU SPEAK TO ANYONE . YOU SHOULD TYPE NEATLY OR AVOIDING A PERSONAL SHORT HAND THAT ONLY YOU CAN FOLLOW . IF YOU FAIL TO CLARIFY YOUR IDEAS YOU WILL PUT THE READER TO A GREAT DEAL OF TROUBLE . AT EVENTUALLY YOUR WRITING WILL BECOME THE READING MATTER OF SOMEONE ELSE THAT YOUR PRIVATE WORDS WILL GO PUBLIC . WRITING IN ANOTHER WORDS IS ABOVE ALL FOR COMMUNICATION - FOR CONVEYING IDEAS . SO TO WRITE ENGLISH IN PERFECT MANNER FIRST OF ALL WE WILL HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THE RULES OF GRAMMAR . IN GRAMMAR WORDS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THERE PARTS OF SPEECH - THE PART THEY PLAY IN THE SENTENCE . SO THERE ARE 9 DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH .

NOUNS - HORSE, MILK , DAMNATION , MONDAY , JACK

VERBS- GO , CONTEMPLATE , BE , MUST .

ADJECTIVES - HAPPY , ENTHUSIASTIC , AWAKE .

ADVERBS- SADLY , SOON , VERY , HOWEVER.

PRONOUNS - I , SHE , EVERYONE , YOURSELF

DETERMINERS - A , THE , MY , EVERY , ANY

PREPOSITIONS - IN , OFF , OPPOSITE , REGARDING

CONJUCTIONS - AND , OR , WHILE , IF ,THAT

INTERJECTIONS - OH! , WELL! , ALAS!

MOST SENTENCES IN ENGLISH START WITH THE PATTERN SUBJECT - VERB AND SO ON . THE OTHER CONSTITUENTS THAT CAN APPEAR IN SENTENCES ARE OBJECTS [IT IS THE PERSON OR THING THAT THE VERB ACTS UPON - DOG BITES MAN  , I ATE AN ICECREAM. THE OBJECTS HERE ARE MAN AND ICECREAM .

SOME VERBS CAN HAVE TWO OBJECTS i.e, THEY COOKED ME A DINNER  AND YOU HAVE SAVED ME $5 . SO THE OBJECT THAT COULD BE INTRODUCED BY TWO OR FOR IS CALLED THE INDIRECT OBJECT , OTHER OBJECTS ARE CALLED DIRECT OBJECTS .

THE COMPLEMENTS GIVE FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT EITHER THE OR THE OBJECT . SUBJECTS , COMPLEMENTS ARE IN A SENSE EQUAL TO THE SUBJECT AND THE OBJECT COMPLEMENTS ARE IN A SENSE EQUAL TO THE OBJECT i. e, HENRY IS CONFUSED AND WILLIAM BECAME KING OF ENGLAND . SO IN  BOTH SETS OF EXAMPLES HE COMPLEMENTS ARE CONFUSED AND KING OF ENGLAND .

ADVERBIALS GIVES FURTHER INFORMATIONS OFTEN SHOWING HOW OR WHERE OR WHEN THE VERB HAPPENS  IN THE SAME WAY THAT AN ADVERB DOES . FOR EXAMPLE-- HE DID IT WITH GUSTO;I WENT THERE ON TUESDAY ; MARY SAW THAT PICTURE IN PARIS . SO THE PHRASES WITH GUSTO , ON TUESDAY , IN PARIS ARE ADVERBS .

WHEN NOUNS ARE USED LIKE ADJECTIVES 
SOMETIMES NOUNS ARE USED TO DESCRIBE OTHER NOUNS - RATHER LIKE ADJECTIVES . IN THE PHRASE THE YORKSHAIRE  CHILDLABOUR INQUIRY REPORT SCANDAL , ALL THE WORDS EXCEPT THE ARE NOUNS - YORKSHAIRE,  CHILDLABOUR , INQUIRY ,REPORT ARE USED TO DESCRIBE SCANDAL .

VERB-
VERBS ARE DEFINED AS' DOING WORDS ' - WORDS THAT  INDICATE WHAT IS BEING DONE IN A SENTENCE . BUT THIS IS NOT ALWAYS HELPFUL  . IN THE SENTENCE - THIS IS HARD WORK , PERSUMABLY WHAT IS BEING DONE IS WORK .  BUT WORK HERE IS A NOUN , WHERE AS THE VERB IS IS. SO THE BEST TEST FOR A VERB IS THIS ;  DOES IT HAVE FORMS THAT INDICATE WHETHER  THE ACTION TAKES PLACE NOW OR AT SOMETIMES IN THE PAST- WORK /WORKED , TAKE /TOOK BUT SOME VERBS DO NOT CHANGE THEIR FORMS . FOR EXAMPLE - SPREAD/ SPREAD , HIT/ HIT